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THE PROTOGEOMETRIC PERIOD (TO 900) |
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VERY
FEW SETTLEMENTS to provide information (though tombs show presence) |
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in contrast with N Greece (to be studied later) |
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most evidence from end of C10th onwards |
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Argos,
long stratigraphic sequence but little structure, |
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silver
extraction |
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Nichoria,
remains of a few structures including apsidal forms |
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Lefkandi |
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Heroon - at Toumba c 950 BC |
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moulds deposit at Xeropolis c 900 BC |
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Karphi,
Kavousi still in use at start of C10th ? |
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Athens
- no information |
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settlement patterns suggested by distribution of graves |
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Athens
- ? several small `village' communities |
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SOME
SANCTUARY EVIDENCE |
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Ithaka
- `cairn' deposit at Aetos, Polis cave offerings |
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Idean
cave deposits |
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Kommos,
first sanctuary structure (? NE influence) |
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Poseidi
in Macedonia |
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Wide
variety of burial practices (see 3) |
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Cremation
in urns - small pits |
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Kerameikos |
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Cremation
in full size grave pits |
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Lefkandi
- Skoubris |
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Cremation
in urns in chamber tombs |
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Knossos |
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Burial
in cist tombs |
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Argos |
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Burial
in chamber tombs |
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Elateia |
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Burial
in pithoi |
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Messenia |
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Burial
in pithoi in tumulus |
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Messenia |
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GRAVE
OFFERINGS limited at first with little sign of overseas contact |
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Usually
c 5 pots |
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pair
of long pins (female) - bronze or iron |
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pair
of arched fibulae (female) - bronze, occas. iron |
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simple
finger rings (not Myc practice) - iron and bronze |
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spiral
terminal rings - bronze |
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iron
swords - Naue II type, spears, knives |
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`shield
bosses' - or belt ornaments ? |
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simple
bronze bowls |
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virtually
no bronze tools or weapons |
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beads
and pendants rare |
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REGIONAL
VARIATION in pottery: PG style is properly only Athens. Local |
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preferences
in shapes - kalathos (basket) at Lefkandi |
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Early
adoption of PG style with conc. circles |
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Attica,
N. Cyclades, Smyrna |
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PG
shapes - high feet, but decoration later |
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Euboea
(Lefkandi), Thessaly (Iolkos) |
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Myc
shapes - simple `geometric' decoration |
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Laconia,
Messenia, Achaea, Ithaka, Aetolia |
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This
matches division between E Greek (Attic) and W Greek (Doric) |
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In
Crete, Minoan shapes and decoration continue but reduced. |
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Occasional
oddities - duck askoi, Cypriot bottles, chests |
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Lefkandi
centaur, Cretan hut `shrines'. |
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Signs
of increase in wealth by end of 10th c |
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CRETE
remains more prosperous than most areas - Cypriot pottery present. |
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see Knossos North Cemetery |
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Lefkandi
one of the most important sites - both archaeologically and
in
its own period - apart from Heroon, large quantities of NE objects.
in
TOUMBA CEMETERY
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