ASSIROS: IRON AGE SMALL FINDS

During the course of the excavation of the Iron Age levels, a large number of objects of different materials were found, sometimes intact, sometimes fragmentary, sometimes in situ on a floor or in a cupboard, sometimes in secondary rubbish deposits. The range is quite wide but the majority are mundane ‘household’ items rather than ornaments or weapons. None are obviously the products of different regions or of specialised workshops. The majority are likely to have been made by members of the agricultural community which used them. Continuity from the Bronze Age is demonstrated just as much by these objects as it is by the fabric and style of the pottery. There is only one significant innovation in the repertoire — the clay spool. Iron, nominally the hallmark of the period, is most conspicuous by its rarity — with a few important exceptions such as an iron double axe. Some types of material are no longer in use, such as glass.

Bronze Age Iron Age  Unstratified/unassignable
1026 objects 786 objects 87 objects

The materials used for the objects are familiar and unsurprising: stone which may be ground, roughly shaped or chipped; clay which is generally fired at lower temperatures than the pottery; bone and antler which include ‘blanks’ for manufacture, finished objects and waste products from manufacture; shell is found occasionally as is metal - ‘bronze’, iron or lead.

Categories of object include some which are unexpected – ground stone axes and chert blades in a period when metal might reasonably have been assumed to be preferred for general use – and others which are typical such as the fragmentary ‘platters’ of schist, used as much as ‘chopping boards’ as covers; stone pounders of different shapes and sizes and quern-stones of the familiar saddle type. Short round or square-sectioned whetstones are typical but not common and a small number of stone moulds are of particular importance.

Clay loomweights were found in isolation or more interestingly in groups such as that which presumably reflects a standing loom in Phase 2, Room 10, and perhaps also in Phase 2, Room 5, or in storage in a cupboard in Phase 2, Room 5. Clay spindle whorls and sherd disks were ubiquitous. Bone awls and other tools of different sizes are frequent in every deposit and antler handles are well represented.

A few pieces of decorated bone such as a toggle with concentric circle decoration are perhaps related to clothing. Only one bead of stone was found and those of shell are quite rare while metal is usually in scraps, with notable exceptions such as the bronze pin from Phase1 (1208), and a heavy iron axe (1146) from the ‘Great Pit’, probably dating to Phase 3. Figurines are only represented by the clay quadruped (1923) in the Phase 4 ‘child’s cache’ and a snake’s head found with it (1930).

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