The Pentecostal and Charismatic movements are the fastest growing group within Christianity today, some 4-600 million adherents worldwide (depending on definitions), and having adherents predominantly from the Majority World. Serious academic study of the movement began at the University of Birmingham in the 1970s under Professor Walter Hollenweger, and continues today as one of the strengths of the Department of Theology and Religion. The movements continue to expand and theological reflection on Pentecostalism increases. This module concentrates on the history and development of Pentecostal and Charismatic churches, the nature of global Pentecostalism, and reflects on the growth and significance of Pentecostal and Charismatic movements throughout the world. It aims to assist scholarly reflection and critical interaction with Pentecostalism, and to stimulate further postgraduate research.

1. Define “Pentecostal” and understand the plurality and variety of global Pentecostal and Charismatic movements.

2. Be familiar with the various resources in literature and digital documents, and on the internet, and methods of studying Pentecostalism.

3. Understand the Methodist and Holiness Roots of Pentecostalism, the significance of the oral and African roots, and Evangelical and Baptist Influences

4. Describe early divisions in the USA, expansion into Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia, global missions, and types of Pentecostal and Charismatic movements

5. Identify the diversity in Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in five continents.

6. Appreciate the contribution of Pentecostalism to the global history of Christianity in the twentieth century, and the need for a revision of Pentecostal history.

The module consists of taught lectures, directed reading and interaction within an international student body, and guidance for further reading and research. After the first week, students should read the pages in the textbook before class as indicated.

1.1 Identifying Pentecostals and Charismatics (pp. 1-15). Module introduction. Different varieties of Pentecostalism, understanding terms and statistics. 2 October

1.2 Research Methods in Pentecostal Studies (no reading). An introduction to the methods and resources for research in global Pentecostalism 12 October

1.3 Historical and Theological Background (pp.19-38). Spiritual gifts in history, Methodism, Revival movements and the Holiness movement, precursors to Pentecostalism 16 October

1.4 North American Classical Pentecostalism (pp.39-62). William Seymour and the Azusa Street Revival, William Durham and the “Finished Work”, the “New Issue” and further divisions, Pentecostal denominations in North America, healing evangelists 23 October

1.5 Pentecostalism in Latin America and the Caribbean (pp. 63-82). Pentecostalism in South American countries, Mexico and Central America, the Caribbean 30 October

1.6 Pentecostalism in Europe (pp.83-102). The origins of Pentecostalism in northern Europe, Britain, south-western, central and eastern Europe 13 November

1.7 African Pentecostalism and ‘Spirit’ Churches (pp. 103-22). Southern African churches, Central and East African churches, West African churches. 20 November

1.8 Pentecostalism in Asia, Australia and the Pacific (pp.123-43). India and Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Chinese ‘Pentecostal’ churches, Korean and Japanese Pentecostalism, Australia and the Pacific 27 November

1.9 The Charismatic Movement and the New Pentecostals (pp.144-65). Beginnings of Charismatic renewal in ‘mainline’ churches, expansion, the rise of independent Pentecostalism, new African Pentecostals, Toronto and Pensacola 4 December

1.10 Writing Pentecostal History (pp.166-83). Pentecostal historiography, revisiting the “origins” debate, missionary letters 11 December

ASSESSMENT is by an essay of 4,000 words, possible topics given in the course of the teaching term.

READING LIST

There are many books written about Pentecostals and Charismatics in different parts of the world, and the following are those available of a more general and introductory nature. The main textbook for this course is Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp.1-183), which will be used in all lessons. In addition, the Orchard Centre has the Pentecostal academic journals Pneuma: The Journal of the Society of Pentecostal Studies, The Journal for Pentecostal Theology, and The Asian Journal for Pentecostal Studies (the latter also available on line).

All copying, including photocopying and scanning, should be carried out within the terms and conditions set out in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (and related legislation) or in licences held by the University. Details of these will be posted adjacent to photocopiers and can also be consulted at the web site: http://www.library.bham.ac.uk/support/copyright

Anderson, Allan 2001. African Reformation: African Initiated Christianity in the 20^th Century. Trenton, NJ & Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press

Anderson, Allan & Tang, Edmond 2005 (eds.). Asian and Pentecostal: The Charismatic Face of Asian Christianity. Oxford: Regnum & Baguio City, Philippines: APTS Press

Anderson, Allan 2007. Spreading Fires: The Missionary Nature of Early Pentecostalism. London: SCM, forthcoming

Anderson, Robert M 1979. Vision of the Disinherited: The Making of American Pentecostalism. New York: Oxford

Burgess, Stanley M, & van der Maas, Eduard (eds.) 2002. New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan

Cox, Harvey 1996. Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-first Century. London: Cassell

Dayton , Donald W 1987. Theological Roots of Pentecostalism. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press

Faupel, D William 1996. The Everlasting Gospel: The Significance of Eschatology in the Development of Pentecostal Thought. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press

Goff, James R. Jr. 1988. Fields White unto Harvest: Charles F. Parham and the Missionary Origins of Pentecostalism. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press

Goff, James R. Jr. & Grant Wacker (eds.) 2002. Portraits of a Generation: Early Pentecostal Leaders. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press

Hilborn, David (ed.) 2001. ‘Toronto’ in Perspective: Papers on the New Charismatic Wave of the mid 1990s. Carlisle: Paternoster

Hollenweger, Walter J 1997. Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide. Peabody: Hendrickson

Hunter, Harold D. & Cecil M. Robeck Jr. (eds.) 2006. The Azusa Street Revival and its Legacy. Cleveland, TN: Pathway Press

Kay, William K. & Anne E. Dyer (eds.) 2004. Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies: A Reader. London: SCM

Martin, David 1990. Tongues of Fire: The Explosion of Protestantism in Latin America. Oxford: Blackwell

Robeck, Cecil M. Jr. 2006. The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2006)

Synan, Vinson 1997. The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century. Grand Rapids & Cambridge: Eerdmans 270.82 SYN

Synan, Vinson et. al. 2001. The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal. Nashville: Thomas Nelson

Wacker, Grant 2001, Heaven Below: Early Pentecostals and American Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Yong, Amos 2005. The Spirit Poured Out On All Flesh: Pentecostalism and the Possibility of Global Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Additional comprehensive bibliographies and hyperlinks are found on the website, http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/aanderson/index.htm or http://allananderson.info

This module examines theological issues relating to global Pentecostal and Charismatic movements. Key texts both sympathetic and critical are identified, illuminating these current debates in Pentecostal studies. Particular attention is given to the challenges presented to Christianity, and concepts of contextualization, spirituality and syncretism as reflected in various forms of Pentecostal movements found in different parts of the world.

KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of this module the student should be able to:

1. Understand Pentecostal and Charismatic concepts of Spirit baptism, its historical and theological background, mission and evangelism, current issues and challenges.

2. Discuss Pentecostal hermeneutics, the ‘full gospel’ and its relationship to the Third World cultural context.

3. Describe Pentecostal eschatology, Pentecostalism and the ecumenical movement, Pentecostal scholarship and some major themes.

4. Identify characteristics of a Pentecostal/Charismatic spirituality, its interaction with other religions, influence on world Christianity, and questions of ‘syncretism’.

5. Discuss Pentecostals/Charismatics and contextualization, attitudes to other religions, class, race and women’s issues, and contextual theologies.

(NB: Classes on Thursdays, 0930-1100, at Elmfield House, EXCEPT lectures 2 & 3, which are on Mondays, 11.30-13.00)

1. Theology of the Spirit. Module introduction. The debates on Spirit Baptism, contextual pneumatology, Pentecostal spiritualities 5 October 2006

2. Research Methods in Pentecostal Studies. An introduction to the methods and resources for research in global Pentecostalism 12 October

3. Historical and Theological Background. Spiritual gifts in history, Methodism, Revival movements and the Holiness movement, precursors to Pentecostalism Monday 16 October, 11.30

4. Mission and Evangelism. Spirit baptism and global mission, contextualization of leadership and mission praxis, evangelism and church planting 26 October

5. Eschatology and Faith. Premillennialism and evangelisation, the spread of the “Word of Faith” teaching 2 November

6. The Bible and the “Full Gospel”. Pentecostal hermeneutics, the “full gospel”, healing and exorcism 16 November

7. The Gospel and Culture. The debate over Pentecostals and their relationship with culture, with particular reference to Korea and Latin America 23 November

8. Education and Ecumenism. Pentecostals and academic theology, cooperation and ecumenism, dialogue with Catholics and ecumenicals, Pentecostal fundamentalism 30 November

9. Social Issues. Socio-political concerns, a Pentecostal theology of liberation, race, class and gender issues, social action 7 December

10. Globalization and the Future of Pentecostalism. Charismatic Christianity as a ‘globalized’ phenomenon, the impact of Pentecostalism on world Christianity, the future of Charismatic Christianity 14 December

ASSESSMENT An essay of 4,000 words demonstrating comprehensive familiarity with the literature and an understanding of the problems involved in key issues.

READING LIST

There are many books of a general nature on this subject, and many additional region-specific titles available in the OLRC not listed. The main textbook for this module is Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 19-38, 187-286), which will be used in all lessons. In addition, much information on the subjects covered in this module is in the academic journals Pneuma: The Journal of the Society of Pentecostal Studies, The Journal for Pentecostal Theology, and The Asian Journal for Pentecostal Studies (the latter also available on line) available in the OLRC, as well as numerous related articles in the Harold Turner Collection, and a comprehensive electronic database with extensive references to Pentecostalism. Some of the more general studies are listed here.

Albrecht, Daniel E. 1999. Rites in the Spirit: A Ritual Approach to Pentecostal/Charismatic Spirituality. Sheffield Academic Press

Anderson, Allan H & Hollenweger, Walter J (eds.) 1999. Pentecostals After a Century: Global Perspectives on a Movement in Transition. Sheffield Academic Press

Anderson, Allan 2000. Zion and Pentecost: The Spirituality and Experience of Pentecostal and Zionist/Apostolic Churches in South Africa. Pretoria: University of South Africa Press

Anderson, Allan & Tang, Edmond (eds.) 2005. Asian and Pentecostal: The Charismatic Face of Asian Christianity. Oxford: Regnum & Baguio City, Philippines: APTS Press

Beckford, Robert 2000. Dread and Pentecostal: A Political Theology for the Black Church in Britain. London: SPCK

Burgess, SM & van der Maas, E (eds) 2003. New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan

Cox, Harvey 1996. Fire From Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century. London: Cassell

Dayton, Donald W 1987. Theological Roots of Pentecostalism. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press

Dempster, MA, Klaus, BD & Petersen, D (eds) 1991. Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson

Dempster, MA, Klaus, BD & Petersen, D (eds) 1999. The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel. Oxford: Regnum

Faupel, D William 1996. The Everlasting Gospel: The Significance of Eschatology in the Development of Pentecostal Thought. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press

Hilborn, David (ed.) 2001. ‘Toronto’ in Perspective: Papers on the New Charismatic Wave of the mid 1990s. Carlisle: Paternoster

Hollenweger, Walter J 1997. Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide. Peabody: Hendrickson

Jacobsen, Douglas 2003. Thinking in the Spirit: Theologies of the Early Pentecostal Movement. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Johns, Cheryl B 1993. Pentecostal Formation: a pedagogy among the oppressed. Sheffield Academic Press

Land, Steven J 1993. Pentecostal Spirituality: A Passion for the Kingdom. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press

Perriman, Andrew (ed) 2003. Faith Health and Prosperity: A Report on ‘Word of Faith’ and ‘Positive Confession’ Theologies by ACUTE. Carlisle: Paternoster

Yong, Amos 2000. Discerning the Spirit(s): A Pentecostal-Charismatic Contribution to Christian Theology of Religions. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press

Yong, Amos 2005. The Spirit Poured Out On All Flesh: Pentecostalism And The Possibility Of Global Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic

KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Define “Pentecostal” and understand the plurality and variety of global Pentecostal and Charismatic movements.

2. Be familiar with the various resources in literature and digital documents, and on the internet, and methods of studying Pentecostalism.

3. Understand the Methodist and Holiness Roots of Pentecostalism, the significance of the oral and African roots, and Evangelical and Baptist Influences

4. Describe early divisions in the USA, expansion into Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia, global missions, and types of Pentecostal and Charismatic movements

5. Identify the diversity in Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in five continents.

6. Appreciate the contribution of Pentecostalism to the global history of Christianity in the twentieth century, and the need for a revision of Pentecostal history.

1.1 Identifying Pentecostals and Charismatics (pp. 1-15). Module introduction. Different varieties of Pentecostalism, understanding terms and statistics. 2 October

1.2 Research Methods in Pentecostal Studies (no reading). An introduction to the methods and resources for research in global Pentecostalism 12 October

1.3 Historical and Theological Background (pp.19-38). Spiritual gifts in history, Methodism, Revival movements and the Holiness movement, precursors to Pentecostalism 16 October

1.4 North American Classical Pentecostalism (pp.39-62). William Seymour and the Azusa Street Revival, William Durham and the “Finished Work”, the “New Issue” and further divisions, Pentecostal denominations in North America, healing evangelists 23 October

1.5 Pentecostalism in Latin America and the Caribbean (pp. 63-82). Pentecostalism in South American countries, Mexico and Central America, the Caribbean 30 October

1.6 Pentecostalism in Europe (pp.83-102). The origins of Pentecostalism in northern Europe, Britain, south-western, central and eastern Europe 13 November

1.7 African Pentecostalism and ‘Spirit’ Churches (pp. 103-22). Southern African churches, Central and East African churches, West African churches. 20 November

1.8 Pentecostalism in Asia, Australia and the Pacific (pp.123-43). India and Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Chinese ‘Pentecostal’ churches, Korean and Japanese Pentecostalism, Australia and the Pacific 27 November

1.9 The Charismatic Movement and the New Pentecostals (pp.144-65). Beginnings of Charismatic renewal in ‘mainline’ churches, expansion, the rise of independent Pentecostalism, new African Pentecostals, Toronto and Pensacola 4 December

1.10 Writing Pentecostal History (pp.166-83). Pentecostal historiography, revisiting the “origins” debate, missionary letters 11 December

READING LIST

KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES

READING LIST

Module Leader: Dr Mark Cartledge